E THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG GUT MICROBIOTA, NUTRITION, AND THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM IN BROILER CHICKENS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36547/sjas.1075Keywords:
diet manipulation;, growth performance;, gut health;, intestinal microflora;, nutrient digestibility;, poultryAbstract
Among the many factors that influence the population and composition of gastrointestinal microbiota in monogastric animals, diet is regarded as the most significant factor that animal nutritionists can manipulate to modify the microflora in the digestive systems of these animals. The aim of this review article is to synthesise existing information on the gastrointestinal microbiota of broiler chickens and how they interact with dietary elements to enhance nutrient digestibility and absorption, regulate the immune system, sustain gut health, and ultimately improve the growth performance of broiler chickens. The various microorganisms inhabiting different parts of the digestive tract of avian species and their mechanisms of action have been explored. Additionally, the use of feed additives in broiler diets to influence intestinal microflora, boost the immune response, lower mortality rates, enhance body weight gain, and increase the profitability of broiler production has also been discussed. Several challenges are associated with the use of antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, and organic acids as feed additives for disease prevention, growth enhancement, and improving feed conversion ratios in poultry. The incorrect use and excessive reliance on antibiotics can lead to the development of antimicrobial-resistant pathogenic microorganisms and to the accumulation of antibiotic residues in meat products. Organic acids possess astringent odours that can diminish feed palatability, and their excessive use may result in bacteria developing resistance to organic acids. Given these concerns, it is essential to investigate feed ingredients that have similar characteristics to feed additives but do not negatively impact the intestinal microbiome or the host animal in the formulation of broiler feed.
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