Apoptosis N as tool for the determination of animal embryo quality

Abstract

We present here a brief review of available world literature, as well as our own studies concerning process of programmed cell death – apoptosis in relation to quality and viability of mammalian embryos at preimplantation stages. A mini-review describes specific signs of apoptosis on the level of the cell membrane, cell organelles and cytoskeleton, as well as several techniques for the detection of apoptosis. Particular role of growth factors in suppression of apoptosis is mentioned. Moreover, quality of embryos following the gene microinjection or the exposure to elevated temperatures in association with apoptosis occurrence is discussed. In conclusion, detection and quantification of apoptosis occurrence may help to determine consequences of stress influences and to find out factors which inhibit apoptosis. Exact knowledge of processes involved in regulation of cell death may find out approaches for the improvement of embryo quality and survivability