EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOURCES OF PECTIN-RICH BY-PRODUCTS SUBSTITUTED FOR BARLEY GRAIN ON THE PERFORMANCE OF HOLSTEIN DAIRY COWS
Keywords:
barley grain, dried citrus pulp, pectin, starch, sugar beet pulpAbstract
This study investigated the effect of feeding pectin-rich by-products, as a replacement for barley grains, on the performance of Holstein dairy cows. Eight cows were assigned to four dietary treatments in a 4 × 4 Latin square design and fed for 21 days. The experimental diets consisted of 370 g.kg-1 roughages and 630 g.kg-1 concentrates. The diet contained 100 g.kg DM-1 barley grains (BG, control diet), sugar beet pulp (SBP, treatment 2), wheat bran (WB, treatments 3) or dried citrus pulp (DCP, treatment 4). There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) among the treatments for dry matter intake (DMI) (kg.d-1), milk production, milk composition and blood metabolites. Eating behaviour was not affected by the treatment (P > 0.05). However, the differences among the treatments for eating behaviour as min.kg-1 of neutral detergent fiber intake (NDFI) were significant (P < 0.05). These data suggest that the substitution of these by-products instead of barley grains for up to 10 % of in diet DM for dairy cows did not have any adverse effects on animal performance.
References
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<br>Oba, M. & Allen, M. S. (1999). Evaluation of the importance of the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber from forage: effects on dry matter intake and, milk yield. Journal of Dairy Science, 82, 589−596.
<br>Orth, R. (1992). Sample day and lactation report, DHIA 200. Fact Sheet A-2. Midstates DRPC, Ames, IA.
<br>Rouzbehan, Y., Galbraith, H., Rooke, J. A. & Perrott, J. G. (1994). A note on the effects of dietary inclusion of a yeast culture on growth and ruminal metabolism of lambs given diets containing unground pelleted molassed dried sugar-beet pulp and barley in various proportions. Animal Production, 59, 147−150.
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<br>Sunvold, G. D., Hussein, H. S., Fahey, Jr., G. C., Merchen, N. R. & Reinhart, G. A. (1995). In vitro fermentation of cellulose, beet pulp, citrus pulp, and citrus pectin using fecal inoculum from cats, dogs, horses, humans, and pigs and ruminal fluid from cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 73, 3639−3648.
<br>Swain, S. M. & Armentano, L. E. (1994). Quantitative evaluation of fiber from nonforage sources used to replace alfalfa silage. Journal of Dairy Science, 77 (8), 2318−2331.
<br>Thibault, J. F., Guillon, F. & Rombouts, F. M. (1991). Gelation of sugar beet pectin by oxidative coupling. In R. H. Walter, ed. The Chemistry and Technology of Pectin, Academic Press, Inc., New York, 119−133.
<br>Tyrrell, H. F. & Reid, J. T. (1965). Prediction of the energy value of cow's milk. Journal of Dairy Science, 48, 1215−1223.
<br>Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. B. & Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 3583−3597.
<br>Voelker, J. A. (2002). Pelleted beet pulp substituted for high-moisture corn. Effects on feed intake, ruminal fermentation, digestion and milk production of dairy cows. M.Sc. Thesis. Michigan State University, 39−81.
<br>Weatherburn, M. W. (1967). Phenol hypochlorite reaction for determination of ammonia. Analytical Chemistry, 89, 971−974.</div>
<br>Afghahi, A. & Esteghamat, O. (2015). Investigating the effects of wheat bran on performance of Moghani lambs. Research Opinion in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 5, 105−107.
<br>Ahooei, G. R., Foroughi, A. R., Tahmasbi, A. M., Shahdadi, A. R. & Vakili, R. (2011). Effect of different levels of dried citrus pulp and urea on performance of fattening male calves. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 10, 1811−1816.
<br>Allen, M. S. (1997). Relationship between fermentation acid production in the rumen and the requirement for physically effective fiber. Journal of Dairy Science, 80(7), 1447−1462.
<br>Allen, M. S. (2000). Effects of diet on short-term regulation of feed intake by lactating dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 83, 1598−1624.
<br>Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), (2005). In Official Methods of Analysis. 18th ed., AOAC International, Gaithers-burg, Maryland, USA.
<br>Bailoni, L., Bonsembiante, M., Schiavon, M., Pagnin, G. & Tagliapietra, F. (2003). Estimation of the content of pectins in feeds: fractional extraction and quantitative determination. Veterinary Research Communications, 27 Suppl(1), 249−251.
<br>Barrios-Urdaneta, A., Fondevila, M. & Castrillo, C. (2003). Effect of supplementation with different proportions of barley grain or citrus pulp on the digestive utilization of ammonia-treated straw by sheep. Animal Science, 76, 309−317.
<br>Bayat Kohsar, J., Valizade, R., Naserian, A. A., Tahmasbi, A. M. & Safari, R. (2010). Effect of barley replacement with citrus pulp in Holstein dairy cows diet on their performance.Iranian Animal Science Research, 2, 148−155.
<br>Broderick, G. A., Mertens, D. R. & Simons, R. (2002). Efficacy of carbohydrate sources for milk production by cows fed diets based on alfalfa silage. Journal of Dairy Science, 85, 1767−1776.
<br>Clark, P. W. & L. E. Armentano. (1997). Replacement of alfalfa neutral detergent fiber with a combination of nonforage fiber sources. Journal of Dairy Science, 80, 675−680.
<br>Dann, H. M., Tucker, H. A., Cotanch, K. W., Krawczel, P. D., Mooney, C. S., Grant, R. J. & Eguchi, T. (2014). Evaluation of lower-starch diets for lactating Holstein dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 97, 7151−7161.
<br>Ertl, P., Zebeli, Q., Zollitsch, W. & Knaus, W. (2016). Feeding of wheat bran and sugar beet pulp as sole supplements in high forage diets emphasizes the potential of dairy cattle for human food supply. Journal of Dairy Science, 99, 1−9.
<br>Fegeros, K., Zervas, G., Stamouli, S. & Apostolaki, E. (1995). Nutritive value of dried citrus pulp and its effect on milk yield and milk composition of lactating ewes. Journal of Dairy Science, 78, 1116−1121.
<br>Grant, R. J. & Mertens, D. R. (1992). Influence of buffer pH and raw corn starch addition on in vitro fiber digestion kinetics. Journal of Dairy Science, 75, 2762−2768.
<br>Ghadami Kohestani, M., Teimouri Yansari, A. & Rezaei, M. (2011). Effects of partial replacement of barley with sugar beet pulp on pre- and post-partum performance of ZEL ewes. South African Journal of Animal Science, 41, 254−264.
<br>Krause, K. M., Combs, D. K. & Beauchemin, K. A. (2002). Effects of forage particle size and grain fermentability in midlactation cows. II. Ruminal pH and chewing activity. Journal of Dairy Science, 85, 1947–1957.
<br>Leiva, E., Hall, M. B. & Van Horn, H. H. (2000). Performance of dairy cattle fed citrus pulp or corn products as sources of neutral detergent-soluble carbohydrates. Journal of Dairy Science, 83, 2866–2875.
<br>Lopez, M. C., Estelles, F., Moya, V. J. & Fernandez, C. (2014). Use of dry citrus pulp or soybean hulls as a replacement for corn grain in energy and nitrogen partitioning, methane emissions, and milk performance in lactating Murciano-Granadian goats. Journal of Dairy Science, 97, 7821−7832.
<br>Marounek, M. & Duskova, D. (1999). Metabolism of pectin in rumen bacteria Butirivibrio fibriosolvens and Prevotella ruminicola. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 29, 429–433.
<br>Miron, J., Yosef, E., Ben-Ghedalia, D., Chase, L. E., Bauman, D. E. & Solmon, R. (2002). Digestibility by dairy cows of monosaccharide constituents in total mixed rations contaning citrus pulp. Journal of Dairy Science, 85, 89−94.
<br>Mojtahedi, M. & Danesh Mesgaran, M. (2011). Effects of the inclusion of dried molassed sugar beet pulp in a low-forage diet on the digestive process and blood biochemical parameters of Holstein steers. Livestock Science, 141, 95−103.
<br>National Research Council (NRC). (2001). In Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th revised ed., National Academic Science, Washington, DC, USA.
<br>Oba, M. & Allen, M. S. (1999). Evaluation of the importance of the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber from forage: effects on dry matter intake and, milk yield. Journal of Dairy Science, 82, 589−596.
<br>Orth, R. (1992). Sample day and lactation report, DHIA 200. Fact Sheet A-2. Midstates DRPC, Ames, IA.
<br>Rouzbehan, Y., Galbraith, H., Rooke, J. A. & Perrott, J. G. (1994). A note on the effects of dietary inclusion of a yeast culture on growth and ruminal metabolism of lambs given diets containing unground pelleted molassed dried sugar-beet pulp and barley in various proportions. Animal Production, 59, 147−150.
<br>SAS Institute Inc., (2003). SAS/STAT User's Guide: Version 9.1. SAS Institute Inc., Cary,
<br>Solomon, R., Chase, L. E., Ben-Ghedalia, D. & Bauman, D. E. (2000). The effect of nonstructural carbohydrate and addition of full fat extruded soybeans on the concentration of conjugated linoleic acid in the milk fat of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 83, 1322−1329.
<br>Sunvold, G. D., Hussein, H. S., Fahey, Jr., G. C., Merchen, N. R. & Reinhart, G. A. (1995). In vitro fermentation of cellulose, beet pulp, citrus pulp, and citrus pectin using fecal inoculum from cats, dogs, horses, humans, and pigs and ruminal fluid from cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 73, 3639−3648.
<br>Swain, S. M. & Armentano, L. E. (1994). Quantitative evaluation of fiber from nonforage sources used to replace alfalfa silage. Journal of Dairy Science, 77 (8), 2318−2331.
<br>Thibault, J. F., Guillon, F. & Rombouts, F. M. (1991). Gelation of sugar beet pectin by oxidative coupling. In R. H. Walter, ed. The Chemistry and Technology of Pectin, Academic Press, Inc., New York, 119−133.
<br>Tyrrell, H. F. & Reid, J. T. (1965). Prediction of the energy value of cow's milk. Journal of Dairy Science, 48, 1215−1223.
<br>Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. B. & Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 3583−3597.
<br>Voelker, J. A. (2002). Pelleted beet pulp substituted for high-moisture corn. Effects on feed intake, ruminal fermentation, digestion and milk production of dairy cows. M.Sc. Thesis. Michigan State University, 39−81.
<br>Weatherburn, M. W. (1967). Phenol hypochlorite reaction for determination of ammonia. Analytical Chemistry, 89, 971−974.</div>
